greeksoup/ stock research
Stock research / United States / ROOT · Fire, Marine & Casualty Insurance · Nasdaq

Root, Inc. (ROOT)

Compare with another name

Root, Inc. (ROOT) reported revenue of $389 million for Q2 FY2026, the quarter ended 30 June 2026, up 1.6% on the same quarter a year earlier. Net income was $25 million, up 15.5% on the year, and diluted earnings per share $1.49. The figures are the company's own, from the 10-Q it filed with the SEC on 5 August 2026.

Revenue$389 millionup 1.6%
Net income$25 millionup 15.5%
Diluted EPS$1.49
QuarterQ2 FY2026ended 30 June 2026

Root (ROOT) in brief

Root (ROOT) reported revenue of $1.5 billion for fiscal 2025, the year ended 31 December 2025, up 29.0% on the year before.
Read moreNet income was $40 million and diluted earnings per share $2.36. Revenue was $1.2 billion in fiscal 2024, $455 million in fiscal 2023, $311 million in fiscal 2022 and $345 million in fiscal 2021. Net income in the same years was $31 million, a loss of $147 million, a loss of $298 million and a loss of $521 million. Over the twelve months to 30 June 2026, Root reported revenue of $1.6 billion and net income of $61 million. Revenue grew 34.3% a year, compounded, over the five years to fiscal 2025. At the close of 27 October 2026 the market cap of Root was $888 million, 14.7 times its earnings over the last twelve months.

Ratios

From the filings

ROE18.7%
ROCE16.4%
Operating margin5.5%
Net margin3.9%
FCF marginn/a
Interest cover4.47
Debt to equity0.60
Cash conversion3.18
Share count, last 12 months1.9%
Sales CAGR, 3 years69.6%
Profit CAGR, 3 yearsn/a
EPS, TTM$3.54

At the close of 27 October 2026

Price$52.21
Market cap$888 million
Stock P/E14.75
Price to book2.71
EV / EBITDA5.76
Dividend yieldn/a
Market cap / sales0.57
52-week high$90.86
52-week low$43.21
Price, 1 year-35.7%
Price CAGR, 3 years82.1%
Price CAGR, 5 years-9.7%
Worked from the filed figures; hover a name for the formula.
Read moreThe priced ones use the latest price, the last regular-hours trade on IEX. Debt to equity here stands on long-term debt as Root, Inc. files it, with lease liabilities counted separately and never inside it. Nothing here is a valuation or a view.
ROOTgreeksoup.ai
Daily prices to 27 October 2026, adjusted for splits; from 28 September 2026 each day's price is the last regular-hours trade on IEX.
Read moreData provided for free by IEX. By accessing or using IEX Historical Data, you agree to the IEX Historical Data Terms of Use. Day by day for the last three years; before that one point a week, carrying the week's last close and its average daily volume, so a volume bar means the same thing across the whole series; the bars sit under the price on their own scale, on the right. The moving averages need consecutive days and are drawn from the daily part. P/E is the close over the trailing four quarters' EPS as filed at each filing date, on the current share count; the dashed line is the median over the range shown. Sales and margin are quarterly revenue and the operating margin from the tables above. EV/EBITDA, price to book and market cap to sales use the latest filed balance sheet and share count at each date. Before the quarters on file begin, P/E, price to book and market cap to sales stand on each annual report from the day it was filed. Drawn in your browser; the range and overlay you pick are remembered here only.

The public record on ROOT

Dividendsno dividend in its filings for fiscal 2018 onward
Filings15 in twelve months: 6 current reports (8-K), about 4 results of operations; 3 regulation FD disclosure; 2 material agreement; 1 unregistered sale of equity; 1 charter or bylaw amendment, or fiscal year change
Planned insider sales13 Form 144 notices in twelve months, $3.1 million; latest 15 May 2026
Options tapeput/call 0.46 by open interest at the 27 October 2026 close; the straddle prices a 18.2% move to 20 November 2026
13F holders159 funds reported a position for the quarter to 30 June 2026; largest Ribbit Management Company, LLC
Insider trading13 sales and 0 purchases on Form 4 in twelve months
Congress0 House trades disclosed in six months
Short interest2.1 million shares short, 12.05 days to cover at 15 October 2026
Documentsthe 10-K, the 10-Qs, the proxy and 4 earnings press releases, each linked

Quarterly results, the last 20 quarters

Q3 FY2021Q4 FY2021 *Q1 FY2022 †Q2 FY2022 †Q3 FY2022 †Q4 FY2022Q1 FY2023Q2 FY2023Q3 FY2023Q4 FY2023 *Q1 FY2024Q2 FY2024Q3 FY2024Q4 FY2024 *Q1 FY2025Q2 FY2025Q3 FY2025Q4 FY2025 *Q1 FY2026Q2 FY2026
Revenue93.893.285.480.473.771.370.174.8115195255289306327349383388397394389
Operating income-127-91.9-72.0-86.3-57.1-47.7-29.8-25.2-34.0-12.35.43.834.434.923.727.30.310.540.934.6
Operating margin-135%-99%-84%-107%-77%-67%-43%-34%-29%-6%2%1%11%11%7%7%0%3%10%9%
Interest expense6.12.15.59.29.310.611.111.511.811.711.611.611.67.45.35.35.35.14.84.1
Pre-tax income-133-110-77.5-95.5-66.4-58.3-40.9-36.7-45.8-24.0-6.2-7.822.822.118.422.0-5.05.436.125.6
Tax raten/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a0%0%0%0%n/a2%1%1%
Net income-133-110-77.5-95.5-66.4-58.3-40.9-36.7-45.8-24.0-6.2-7.822.822.118.422.0-5.45.335.925.4
Net margin-142%-118%-91%-119%-90%-82%-58%-49%-40%-12%-2%-3%7%7%5%6%-1%1%9%7%
Diluted EPS-$9.54-$7.92-$5.54-$6.77-$4.71-$4.13-$2.88-$2.55-$3.16-$1.64-$0.42-$0.52$1.35$1.30$1.07$1.29-$0.35$0.31$2.09$1.49
Operating cash flow-138-39.1-51.2-53.7-59.0-46.7-83.7-10.614.646.114.562.649.469.226.852.057.670.19.357.5
Capital expenditure0.82.30.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.20.20.00.00.00.00.00.0n/an/a
Free cash flow-139-41.4-51.2-53.7-59.0-46.7-83.7-10.814.646.114.362.449.469.226.852.057.670.1n/an/a
Buybacks0.0n/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/an/a
Filing10-Q10-K10-K10-K10-Q10-K10-Q10-Q10-Q10-K10-Q10-Q10-Q10-K10-Q10-Q10-Q10-K10-Q10-Q
Each quarter as filed, linked to its filing.
Read more* The fourth quarter is the full year less the first three quarters, because the company files the year and not the quarter on its own. A fourth quarter's EPS, and its diluted share count where shown, are from the company's results press release for that quarter, checked against the company's filed figures or a second data source. A quarter marked † is shown as the company last restated it in a later filing, so it compares with the quarters around it on one basis; rest on a figure for the one first filed. EPS is as filed. Money is in $ million as the company files it, or in $ billion by the switch above the tables; per share figures and the share count are as they are. Free cash flow is operating cash flow less capital expenditure; the effective tax rate is income tax over pre-tax income; margins are the line over revenue. Gross profit is revenue less cost of revenue, and operating income is revenue less the company's own total costs, where the statement does not print those lines. Cash flow lines filed year to date are the difference between two filings. Shares outstanding are at the period end where the balance sheet tags them, otherwise the count on the filing's cover page. A derived fourth-quarter EPS is left blank when a split in the year makes the arithmetic meaningless.

Income statement (profit and loss), 8 fiscal years and the trailing twelve months

FY2018FY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025TTM
Revenue43.32903473453114551,1761,5171,568
Operating income-68.2-260-285-485-263-10178.561.886.3
Operating margin-157.5%-89.6%-82.3%-140.5%-84.7%-22.3%6.7%4.1%5.5%
Interest expense0.922.377.720.034.646.142.221.019.3
Pre-tax income-69.1-282-363-521-298-14730.940.862.1
Income tax0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.50.9
Effective tax raten/an/an/an/an/an/a0.0%1.2%1.4%
Net income-69.1-282-363-521-298-14730.940.361.2
Net margin-159.6%-97.3%-104.7%-150.9%-95.8%-32.4%2.6%2.7%3.9%
Diluted EPS-$49.14-$149.94-$86.58-$37.62-$21.11-$10.24$1.83$2.36$3.54
Filing10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K
From each year's 10-K, linked; TTM is the last four quarters.
Read moreFree cash flow is operating cash flow less capital expenditure; the effective tax rate is income tax over pre-tax income; margins are the line over revenue. Gross profit is revenue less cost of revenue, and operating income is revenue less the company's own total costs, where the statement does not print those lines. Those four are arithmetic on the filed numbers; everything else is as filed. Money is in $ million as the company files it, or in $ billion by the switch above the tables; per share figures and share counts are as they are.

Cash flow and capital returned

Follow the cashA discounted cash flow: five years of free cash flow, added up in today's moneyNot for Root: an insurer's operating cash flow includes premiums it holds to pay claims later, so it is not cash the owners can take out. Book value and return on equity, in the ratios above, are the usual measures for it.

FY2018FY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025TTM
Operating cash flow-26.1-127-287-403-211-33.6196206194
Capital expenditure1.26.61.84.60.00.20.40.0n/a
Free cash flow-27.3-134-289-408-211-33.8195206n/a
Free cash flow margin-63.0%-46.1%-83.3%-118.1%-67.8%-7.4%16.6%13.6%n/a
Cash from investing-20.6-114-11476.9-16.6-45.7-154-91.7-220
Cash from financing1515361,098-80.3283-4.1-121-25.2-41.8
Depreciation and amortisation0.64.915.616.613.812.614.911.813.6
Share-based compensation0.11.43.719.330.517.318.540.141.3
Buybacks0.00.00.20.00.0n/an/an/an/a
Diluted shares, weightedn/a2m4m14m14m14m17m17m17m
Shares outstanding at period endn/a2mn/an/an/an/an/an/an/a
Filing10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K
Cash paid in the year, from the cash flow statement.
Read moreThe dividend per share is as declared. Diluted shares are the weighted average for the year; a falling count is the buybacks net of issuance. TTM sums the last four quarters; the share counts are the latest quarter's.

Balance sheet at year end

FY2018FY2019FY2020FY2021FY2022FY2023FY2024FY2025TTM
Funded by
Shareholders' equity-103-3741,032536277166204284328
Redeemable equity1905600.0112112112112112112
Debtn/a1921880.0295299200200198
Other liabilitiesn/a3505426716287719801,0781,031
Total liabilities and equityn/a7291,7621,3191,3131,3481,4961,6741,668
Owned
Fixed assetsn/a10.28.910.35.52.81.81.2n/a
Investmentsn/a123224130129167n/an/an/a
Securities held for sale or to maturityn/an/an/an/an/an/a307387517
Cash and equivalents1223921,113706762679599669510
Other assetsn/a204417473416499588617642
Total assetsn/a7291,7621,3191,3131,3481,4961,6741,668
Filing10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K10-K
At the fiscal year end; the TTM column is the latest quarter end.
Read moreBoth totals are the company's own. Other liabilities is the filed total less the rows above it: payables, deferred revenue, taxes, borrowings the rows above do not carry and the rest; other assets is the same on the other side. Investments add the current and non-current lines as filed. Debt is the company's own stated total where it files one, otherwise its long-term debt with the current maturities, never parts added together. A row is left blank in a year where the lines shown overlap and the remainder would fall below nil.

Compounded growth

10 years5 years3 yearsTTM
Sales growth, compoundedn/a34.3%69.6%14.9%
Profit growth, compoundedn/an/an/a-28.3%
Return on equity, averagen/a-52.8%-19.9%14.2%
Yearly growth, compounded; TTM is the last four quarters against the four before.
Read moreReturn on equity is net income over shareholders' equity at each year end, averaged over the window (the TTM column is the latest year alone); equity is the parent's shareholders' equity as tagged in the 10-K. Arithmetic on filed numbers, nothing forecast.

Questions

What was Root's revenue in fiscal 2025?

Root (ROOT) reported revenue of $1.5 billion for fiscal 2025, the year ended 31 December 2025, up 29.0% on the year before.

How much did Root earn in fiscal 2025?

Net income was $40 million for fiscal 2025, and diluted earnings per share $2.36.

What is Root's P/E ratio?

At the close of 27 October 2026, Root traded at 14.7 times its earnings over the twelve months to 30 June 2026.

What is Root's market cap?

The market cap of Root was $888 million at the close of 27 October 2026.

Peers: Insurance

CompanyMarket capP/EROEOp. marginSales growth
TTM
Debt to equityDiv. yield
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. BRK.B$1.17 trillion13.6511.5%15.0%3.9%n/an/a
Chubb Ltd. CB$137.4 billion12.6014.8%23.1%8.0%0.231.1%
Progressive Corp. PGR$131.1 billion11.3234.1%16.2%10.5%0.246.2%
Travelers Companies, Inc. TRV$81.4 billion10.3628.7%21.2%1.1%0.341.2%
Allstate Corp. ALL$63.9 billion5.0339.4%23.2%5.9%0.221.7%
American International Group, Inc. AIG$41.8 billion14.557.3%13.6%-4.2%0.222.3%
Hartford Insurance Group, Inc. HIG$35.7 billion8.0824.4%18.2%6.2%0.231.8%
Arch Capital Group Ltd. ACGL$34.2 billion7.8419.5%26.9%0.4%0.185.0%
Everest Group, Ltd. EG$29.1 billion8.2712.4%13.4%-5.1%n/a2.0%
Cincinnati Financial Corp. CINF$27.9 billion10.6416.5%24.8%9.9%0.052.0%
W. R. Berkley Corp. WRB$26.9 billion14.8619.6%n/a4.3%n/a2.6%
Markel Group Inc. MKL$23.0 billionn/an/an/an/a0.23n/a
All 90 in Insurance
CompanyMarket capP/EROEOp. marginSales growth
TTM
Debt to equityDiv. yield
Berkshire Hathaway Inc. BRK.B$1.17 trillion13.6511.5%15.0%3.9%n/an/a
UnitedHealth Group Inc. UNH$371.6 billion26.4213.5%4.8%6.5%0.702.2%
Chubb Ltd. CB$137.4 billion12.6014.8%23.1%8.0%0.231.1%
Progressive Corp. PGR$131.1 billion11.3234.1%16.2%10.5%0.246.2%
Elevance Health, Inc. ELV$91.1 billion17.9711.5%2.7%3.6%0.691.6%
Marsh & McLennan Companies, Inc. MRSH$90.6 billion22.8127.1%21.4%7.6%1.272.0%
Travelers Companies, Inc. TRV$81.4 billion10.3628.7%21.2%1.1%0.341.2%
Cigna Group CI$78.8 billion12.3415.1%3.5%7.8%0.752.1%
Manulife Financial Corporation MFC *$75.4 billion20.5011.1%n/an/a0.153.1%
Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. AJG$66.4 billion42.966.6%12.6%26.3%0.571.0%
Aon plc AON$64.1 billion16.6740.8%26.5%4.9%1.351.0%
Allstate Corp. ALL$63.9 billion5.0339.4%23.2%5.9%0.221.7%
Metlife Inc. MET$63.8 billion19.1213.2%8.3%8.7%0.522.3%
Aflac Inc. AFL$61.3 billion13.1616.0%32.0%13.6%0.282.0%
Humana Inc. HUM$49.8 billion39.266.7%1.9%18.3%0.740.9%
Sun Life Financial Inc. SLF *$44.3 billion18.2114.5%n/a8.0%0.333.3%
American International Group, Inc. AIG$41.8 billion14.557.3%13.6%-4.2%0.222.3%
Prudential Financial Inc. PRU$39.7 billion10.4412.4%7.6%9.4%0.624.8%
Hartford Insurance Group, Inc. HIG$35.7 billion8.0824.4%18.2%6.2%0.231.8%
Arch Capital Group Ltd. ACGL$34.2 billion7.8419.5%26.9%0.4%0.185.0%
Centene Corp. CNC$34.1 billion23.566.6%0.5%9.7%0.70n/a
Willis Towers Watson plc WTW$29.7 billion19.6620.4%22.2%3.0%0.851.2%
Everest Group, Ltd. EG$29.1 billion8.2712.4%13.4%-5.1%n/a2.0%
Cincinnati Financial Corp. CINF$27.9 billion10.6416.5%24.8%9.9%0.052.0%
W. R. Berkley Corp. WRB$26.9 billion14.8619.6%n/a4.3%n/a2.6%
Principal Financial Group Inc. PFG$24.0 billion15.9512.8%11.9%3.7%0.362.8%
Markel Group Inc. MKL$23.0 billionn/an/an/an/a0.23n/a
Loews Corp. L$22.7 billion13.628.8%12.3%3.5%0.470.2%
Brown & Brown, Inc. BRO$22.1 billion21.379.7%n/a26.1%0.621.0%
Reinsurance Group of America Inc. RGA$17.2 billion11.5411.0%7.2%19.4%0.421.4%
Corebridge Financial, Inc. CRBG$15.8 billion20.688.5%5.4%29.1%0.832.8%
Equitable Holdings, Inc. EQH$14.9 billionn/an/a-5.7%-22.1%n/a2.0%
Globe Life Inc. GL$14.5 billion10.4319.7%24.2%5.2%0.480.8%
Renaissancere Holdings Ltd. RNR$14.3 billion5.8222.3%39.6%-14.0%0.200.5%
Assurant, Inc. AIZ$14.1 billion13.6717.4%9.9%9.4%n/a1.2%
Unum Group UNM$14.1 billion20.806.5%6.8%3.4%0.352.1%
CNA Financial Corp. CNA$13.0 billion10.5711.1%10.3%3.4%0.278.1%
Erie Indemnity Co. ERIE$12.9 billion22.3623.4%17.9%3.7%n/an/a
American Financial Group Inc. AFG$12.6 billion13.2319.8%14.5%-0.2%0.384.6%
Fidelity National Financial, Inc. FNF$10.6 billion13.7510.4%11.3%13.0%0.595.2%
Oscar Health, Inc. OSCR$10.5 billion22.3926.8%4.1%42.8%0.21n/a
Molina Healthcare, Inc. MOH$10.4 billionn/a-1.2%0.4%-0.9%0.91n/a
Jackson Financial Inc. JXN$9.2 billion164.841.0%55.8%15.1%0.282.5%
Old Republic International Corp. ORI$9.2 billion8.3618.7%14.8%12.1%n/a9.6%
Voya Financial, Inc. VOYA$8.8 billion16.3313.0%9.1%3.2%0.451.9%
Primerica, Inc. PRI$8.6 billion11.1631.5%29.9%8.6%0.241.6%
Hanover Insurance Group, Inc. THG$8.2 billion11.2720.6%15.4%5.6%0.23n/a
Kinsale Capital Group, Inc. KNSL$8.1 billion15.7127.4%33.7%8.3%0.120.3%
Lincoln National Corp. LNC$7.7 billion3.5020.8%14.7%7.9%0.574.5%
Axis Capital Holdings Ltd. AXS$7.5 billion7.2317.0%19.5%9.1%0.201.7%
Enact Holdings, Inc. ACT$6.6 billion10.1212.7%69.1%2.5%0.141.8%
First American Financial Corp. FAF$6.6 billion9.0713.6%11.9%14.1%n/a3.4%
Essent Group Ltd. ESNT$6.0 billion9.2512.0%62.0%4.3%n/a2.0%
Mgic Investment Corp. MTG$5.9 billion8.9614.1%74.0%-1.9%n/a2.1%
RLI Corp. RLI$5.9 billion14.9023.3%25.8%4.6%0.184.2%
Selective Insurance Group Inc. SIGI$5.8 billion11.8414.8%11.9%4.0%0.261.7%
Mercury General Corp. MCY$5.7 billion6.0733.0%18.3%10.0%0.331.2%
Hagerty, Inc. HGTY$5.4 billionn/an/an/an/a1.00n/a
White Mountains Insurance Group Ltd. WTM$5.3 billion5.0420.8%34.2%55.4%0.170.0%
CNO Financial Group, Inc. CNO$5.0 billion18.7110.8%13.3%6.0%0.521.2%
Radian Group Inc. RDN$4.8 billion9.1811.2%n/a37.1%0.142.9%
Corvel Corp. CRVL$4.2 billion36.7228.2%n/a7.1%n/an/a
Lemonade, Inc. LMND$3.6 billionn/a-27.7%-13.7%62.3%n/an/a
Palomar Holdings, Inc. PLMR$3.5 billion18.0120.7%24.1%60.0%0.30n/a
Hamilton Insurance Group, Ltd. HG$3.5 billion6.1830.3%28.3%15.5%0.05n/a
Genworth Financial Inc. GNW$3.4 billion17.112.4%5.4%2.1%0.17n/a
Accelerant Holdings ARX$3.3 billionn/a-180.6%-110.8%n/a0.17n/a
Slide Insurance Holdings, Inc. SLDE$3.3 billion6.9246.5%52.8%n/a0.02n/a
NMI Holdings, Inc. NMIH$3.2 billion8.3814.6%69.3%7.5%n/an/a
Assured Guaranty Ltd. AGO$3.1 billion9.326.3%37.0%-10.6%0.312.1%
Baldwin Insurance Group, Inc. BWIN$3.0 billionn/a-9.2%-6.9%18.9%2.67n/a
SiriusPoint Ltd. SPNT$2.9 billion6.1922.2%18.4%22.6%0.30n/a
Neptune Insurance Holdings Inc. NP$2.8 billion95.06n/a41.3%n/an/an/a
F&G Annuities & Life, Inc. FG$2.7 billion7.049.1%n/a15.0%0.494.7%
Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc. SKWD$2.6 billion13.6414.8%13.9%38.3%0.33n/a
Brighthouse Financial, Inc. BHF$2.6 billion3.5912.7%14.7%2.6%0.48n/a
HCI Group, Inc. HCI$2.5 billion8.6228.7%48.4%22.8%0.030.8%
Porch Group, Inc. PRCH$2.3 billionn/an/a7.8%17.6%n/an/a
Horace Mann Educators Corp. HMN$1.9 billion10.8011.8%12.4%5.9%0.403.1%
Kemper Corp. KMPR$1.7 billionn/a-22.6%n/a-4.5%0.434.4%
Alignment Healthcare, Inc. ALHC$1.7 billion42.3715.4%1.2%37.2%1.22n/a
Goosehead Insurance, Inc. GSHD$1.6 billion33.65n/a23.3%17.7%n/an/a
Safety Insurance Group Inc. SAFT$1.5 billion22.487.8%6.8%7.2%0.063.5%
United Fire Group Inc. UFCS$1.5 billion10.6414.4%12.0%11.4%0.151.3%
Stewart Information Services Corp. STC$1.3 billion9.528.1%5.9%22.5%0.394.9%
Trupanion, Inc. TRUP$1.3 billion55.095.7%1.6%11.8%0.26n/a
Employers Holdings, Inc. EIG$933 million63.370.9%0.8%-5.8%0.152.5%
Root, Inc. ROOT$888 million14.7518.7%5.5%14.9%0.60n/a
Amerisafe Inc. AMSF$472 million10.2718.8%17.5%9.5%n/a6.1%
Ryan Specialty Holdings, Inc. RYANn/an/a19.4%14.8%14.4%7.131.2%
36 companies share its SEC industry code (Fire, Marine & Casualty Insurance); the rest are the names nearest in size in its wider industry, Insurance, one of the Fama-French 48 industries, a published grouping of SEC industry codes.
Read moreBy market capitalisation; a click on a heading sorts by it, largest first, and a second click turns it round. Each figure is the same arithmetic as the ratio box above, on each company's own filings and latest close; a name marked * is a foreign company that files once a year, on its latest fiscal year.

Filings

FilingPeriodFiledWhere
10-Q30 June 20265 August 2026EDGAR
10-Q31 March 20266 May 2026EDGAR
10-K31 December 202525 February 2026EDGAR
10-Q30 September 20255 November 2025EDGAR
10-Q30 June 20256 August 2025EDGAR
10-Q31 March 20257 May 2025EDGAR
10-K31 December 202426 February 2025EDGAR
10-Q30 September 202430 October 2024EDGAR
10-Q30 June 20247 August 2024EDGAR
10-Q31 March 202430 April 2024EDGAR