Formulas
Each ratio on a company page is arithmetic on the filed lines, named here with its formula. A reader's own ratio is a formula over these identifiers and the statement lines, evaluated in your browser against the company's own figures and kept in that browser only.
How a formula is written
Identifiers from the tables below, numbers, and + - * / ( ). Functions over a statement line: ttm(line) the last four quarters summed, latest(line) the latest quarter, fy(line) the latest fiscal year, yoy(line) the latest quarter over the same quarter a year earlier as a percentage, avg(line, n) the average of the last n quarters, cagr(line, n) growth compounded over the last n fiscal years as a percentage. For example ttm(fcf) / market_cap * 100 is a free cash flow yield in percent, and ev / ttm(revenue) is enterprise value to sales.
Metrics, United States
| Identifier | Name | Unit | Arithmetic |
|---|---|---|---|
| revenue_q | Revenue, latest quarter | $ | as filed for the latest quarter |
| revenue_yoy_q | Revenue growth on the year, latest quarter | % | latest quarter over the same quarter a year earlier, less one |
| net_income_q | Net profit, latest quarter | $ | as filed for the latest quarter |
| net_income_yoy_q | Net profit growth on the year, latest quarter | % | latest quarter over the same quarter a year earlier, less one |
| eps_q | EPS, latest quarter | $ | diluted where filed |
| revenue_ttm | Revenue, trailing twelve months | $ | sum of the last four quarters |
| net_income_ttm | Net profit, trailing twelve months | $ | sum of the last four quarters |
| eps_ttm | EPS, trailing twelve months | $ | sum of the last four quarters' EPS as filed |
| revenue_growth_ttm | Revenue growth, trailing twelve months | % | last four quarters over the four before, less one |
| profit_growth_ttm | Net profit growth, trailing twelve months | % | last four quarters over the four before, less one |
| gross_margin_ttm | Gross margin, trailing twelve months | % | gross profit over revenue, both summed over four quarters |
| operating_margin_ttm | Operating margin, trailing twelve months | % | operating income over revenue, both summed over four quarters |
| net_margin_ttm | Net margin, trailing twelve months | % | net profit over revenue, both summed over four quarters |
| ocf_ttm | Operating cash flow, trailing twelve months | $ | sum of the last four quarters |
| capex_ttm | Capital expenditure, trailing twelve months | $ | sum of the last four quarters |
| fcf_ttm | Free cash flow, trailing twelve months | $ | operating cash flow less capital expenditure, four quarters |
| fcf_margin_ttm | Free cash flow margin, trailing twelve months | % | free cash flow over revenue, four quarters |
| cash_conversion_ttm | Cash conversion, trailing twelve months | x | operating cash flow over net profit, four quarters |
| tax_rate_ttm | Effective tax rate, trailing twelve months | % | income tax over pre-tax income, four quarters |
| interest_cover_ttm | Interest cover, trailing twelve months | x | operating income over interest expense, four quarters |
| roe_ttm | Return on equity | % | net profit of the last four quarters over shareholders' equity at the latest balance sheet |
| roce_ttm | Return on capital employed | % | operating income of the last four quarters over equity plus borrowings at the latest quarter end |
| debt_to_equity | Debt to equity | x | borrowings over shareholders' equity at the latest quarter end, both from the same balance sheet, on the basis the company filed and named beside the figure (US); as the company states it in its result statement (India) |
| net_debt | Net debt | $ | borrowings less cash and equivalents at the latest quarter end |
| cash | Cash and equivalents | $ | at the latest quarter end |
| debt | Borrowings | $ | at the latest quarter end, on the basis the company filed; leases are never counted in it |
| equity | Shareholders' equity | $ | at the latest quarter end |
| assets | Total assets | $ | at the latest quarter end |
| shares_out | Shares outstanding | count | at the latest period end, as filed |
| share_count_change_1y | Change in shares outstanding, one year | % | shares outstanding at the latest quarter end over a year earlier, less one; negative means buybacks net of issuance |
| buybacks_ttm | Buybacks, trailing twelve months | $ | cash paid to repurchase shares, four quarters |
| dividends_paid_ttm | Dividends paid, trailing twelve months | $ | cash dividends paid, four quarters |
| dps_ttm | Dividend per share, trailing twelve months | $ | sum of the last four quarters' declared dividend per share |
| revenue_fy | Revenue, latest fiscal year | $ | as filed for the latest fiscal year |
| net_income_fy | Net profit, latest fiscal year | $ | as filed for the latest fiscal year |
| revenue_cagr_3y | Revenue growth, three years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over three years earlier, annualised |
| profit_cagr_3y | Net profit growth, three years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over three years earlier, annualised |
| revenue_cagr_5y | Revenue growth, five years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over five years earlier, annualised |
| profit_cagr_5y | Net profit growth, five years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over five years earlier, annualised |
| revenue_cagr_10y | Revenue growth, ten years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over ten years earlier, annualised |
| profit_cagr_10y | Net profit growth, ten years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over ten years earlier, annualised |
| roe_fy | Return on equity, latest fiscal year | % | net profit of the latest fiscal year over shareholders' equity at its end |
| roe_avg_3y | Return on equity, three-year average | % | the average of the last three fiscal years' return on equity |
| price | Price | $ | the latest daily close (CBOE delayed for the US, NSE for India), adjusted for splits and bonus issues |
| market_cap | Market capitalisation | $ | price times shares outstanding (the latest filed count, or the diluted weighted count where a company with several share classes tags no single count; India from the shareholding pattern) |
| pe_ttm | Price to earnings | x | price over the last four quarters' EPS as filed (net income over diluted shares for a quarter whose EPS is not filed), put on the current share count where a split or bonus fell inside them |
| pb | Price to book | x | market capitalisation over shareholders' equity at the latest balance sheet |
| ev | Enterprise value | $ | market capitalisation plus borrowings less cash at the latest balance sheet |
| ebitda_ttm | EBITDA, trailing twelve months | $ | operating income plus depreciation and amortisation (US); operating profit plus other income (India), four quarters |
| ev_ebitda | EV to EBITDA | x | enterprise value over EBITDA of the last four quarters |
| dividend_yield | Dividend yield | % | dividends per share of the last twelve months over the price |
| mcap_sales | Market capitalisation to sales | x | market capitalisation over revenue of the last four quarters |
| high_52w | 52-week high | $ | the highest daily close in the last 52 weeks |
| low_52w | 52-week low | $ | the lowest daily close in the last 52 weeks |
| price_change_1y | Price change, one year | % | the latest close over the close a year earlier, less one |
| price_cagr_3y | Price growth, three years compounded | % | the latest close over the close three years earlier, annualised |
| price_cagr_5y | Price growth, five years compounded | % | the latest close over the close five years earlier, annualised |
| fcf_margin_years_over_20 | Fiscal years with FCF margin above 20%, of the last five | count | count of the last five fiscal years whose free cash flow margin exceeded 20% |
| dividend_years_10 | Fiscal years with a dividend paid, of the last ten | count | count of the last ten fiscal years with cash dividends paid |
| share_count_down_3y | Share count fell in each of the last three fiscal years | count | 1 when the diluted share count fell year on year in each of the last three fiscal years, else 0 |
| net_debt_change_1y | Net debt change, one year | $ | net debt at the latest quarter end less net debt four quarters earlier |
| funds_adding | Followed funds adding | count | of the 13F filers followed here, how many reported a new or larger position in the latest quarter |
| funds_trimming | Followed funds trimming | count | of the 13F filers followed here, how many reported a smaller position or an exit in the latest quarter |
| funds_holding | Followed funds holding | count | of the 13F filers followed here, how many reported the name in their latest filing |
| insider_buys_12m | Insider market purchases, twelve months | count | open-market purchases on Form 4 (US) or SEBI Regulation 7 disclosures marked market purchase (India) |
| insider_sales_12m | Insider market sales, twelve months | count | open-market sales on Form 4 (US) or disclosures marked market sale (India) |
| house_trades_6m | House trades, six months | count | lines in periodic transaction reports filed by members of the House |
| days_to_cover | Days to cover | x | shares short over average daily volume at the latest FINRA settlement |
| put_call_oi | Put/call by open interest | x | put open interest over call open interest within 90 days, from CBOE's delayed chain |
| eightks_12m | 8-Ks filed, twelve months | count | current reports filed with the SEC |
| planned_sales_12m | Form 144 notices, twelve months | count | notices of planned insider sales |
Statement lines, United States (for ttm, latest, fy, yoy, avg, cagr)
| Line | Unit |
|---|---|
| revenue | USD |
| cost_of_revenue | USD |
| gross_profit | USD |
| rnd | USD |
| sga | USD |
| operating_income | USD |
| interest | USD |
| pretax | USD |
| tax | USD |
| net_income | USD |
| eps | USD per share |
| da | USD |
| sbc | USD |
| ocf | USD |
| capex | USD |
| fcf | USD |
| buybacks | USD |
| dividends_paid | USD |
| dps | USD per share |
| shares | shares, diluted weighted |
| shares_out | shares outstanding |
| assets | USD |
| cash | USD |
| receivables | USD |
| inventory | USD |
| goodwill | USD |
| debt | USD |
| equity | USD |
| gross_profit_margin | % |
| operating_income_margin | % |
| net_income_margin | % |
| fcf_margin | % |
| tax_rate | % |
| revenue_yoy | % |
| net_income_yoy | % |
Metrics, India
| Identifier | Name | Unit | Arithmetic |
|---|---|---|---|
| revenue_q | Revenue, latest quarter | ₹ crore | as filed for the latest quarter |
| revenue_yoy_q | Revenue growth on the year, latest quarter | % | latest quarter over the same quarter a year earlier, less one |
| net_income_q | Net profit, latest quarter | ₹ crore | as filed for the latest quarter |
| net_income_yoy_q | Net profit growth on the year, latest quarter | % | latest quarter over the same quarter a year earlier, less one |
| eps_q | EPS, latest quarter | ₹ | diluted where filed |
| revenue_ttm | Revenue, trailing twelve months | ₹ crore | sum of the last four quarters |
| net_income_ttm | Net profit, trailing twelve months | ₹ crore | sum of the last four quarters |
| eps_ttm | EPS, trailing twelve months | ₹ | sum of the last four quarters' EPS as filed |
| revenue_growth_ttm | Revenue growth, trailing twelve months | % | last four quarters over the four before, less one |
| profit_growth_ttm | Net profit growth, trailing twelve months | % | last four quarters over the four before, less one |
| opm_ttm | Operating profit margin, trailing twelve months | % | revenue less expenses other than finance costs and depreciation, over revenue, four quarters |
| net_margin_ttm | Net margin, trailing twelve months | % | net profit over revenue, both summed over four quarters |
| tax_rate_ttm | Effective tax rate, trailing twelve months | % | income tax over pre-tax income, four quarters |
| roe_ttm | Return on equity | % | net profit of the last four quarters over shareholders' equity at the latest balance sheet |
| debt_to_equity | Debt to equity | x | borrowings over shareholders' equity at the latest quarter end, both from the same balance sheet, on the basis the company filed and named beside the figure (US); as the company states it in its result statement (India) |
| revenue_fy | Revenue, latest fiscal year | ₹ crore | as filed for the latest fiscal year |
| net_income_fy | Net profit, latest fiscal year | ₹ crore | as filed for the latest fiscal year |
| revenue_cagr_3y | Revenue growth, three years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over three years earlier, annualised |
| profit_cagr_3y | Net profit growth, three years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over three years earlier, annualised |
| revenue_cagr_5y | Revenue growth, five years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over five years earlier, annualised |
| profit_cagr_5y | Net profit growth, five years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over five years earlier, annualised |
| revenue_cagr_10y | Revenue growth, ten years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over ten years earlier, annualised |
| profit_cagr_10y | Net profit growth, ten years compounded | % | latest fiscal year over ten years earlier, annualised |
| roe_fy | Return on equity, latest fiscal year | % | net profit of the latest fiscal year over shareholders' equity at its end |
| roe_avg_3y | Return on equity, three-year average | % | the average of the last three fiscal years' return on equity |
| opm_fy | Operating profit margin, latest fiscal year | % | revenue less expenses other than finance costs and depreciation, over revenue |
| net_debt_to_equity | Net borrowings to equity | x | borrowings less cash and bank balances, over owners' equity, at the latest balance sheet |
| borrowings | Borrowings | ₹ crore | current plus non-current borrowings at the latest balance sheet |
| cash_and_bank | Cash and bank balances | ₹ crore | at the latest balance sheet |
| equity_owners | Owners' equity | ₹ crore | equity attributable to owners of the parent at the latest balance sheet |
| fcf_fy | Free cash flow, latest fiscal year | ₹ crore | cash from operations less purchase of fixed assets, from the year's cash flow statement |
| dividend_payout_fy | Dividend payout, latest fiscal year | % | dividends paid over net profit, from the year's cash flow statement |
| price | Price | ₹ | the latest daily close (CBOE delayed for the US, NSE for India), adjusted for splits and bonus issues |
| market_cap | Market capitalisation | ₹ crore | price times shares outstanding (the latest filed count, or the diluted weighted count where a company with several share classes tags no single count; India from the shareholding pattern) |
| pe_ttm | Price to earnings | x | price over the last four quarters' EPS as filed (net income over diluted shares for a quarter whose EPS is not filed), put on the current share count where a split or bonus fell inside them |
| pb | Price to book | x | market capitalisation over shareholders' equity at the latest balance sheet |
| ev | Enterprise value | ₹ crore | market capitalisation plus borrowings less cash at the latest balance sheet |
| ebitda_ttm | EBITDA, trailing twelve months | ₹ crore | operating income plus depreciation and amortisation (US); operating profit plus other income (India), four quarters |
| ev_ebitda | EV to EBITDA | x | enterprise value over EBITDA of the last four quarters |
| dividend_yield | Dividend yield | % | dividends per share of the last twelve months over the price |
| mcap_sales | Market capitalisation to sales | x | market capitalisation over revenue of the last four quarters |
| high_52w | 52-week high | ₹ | the highest daily close in the last 52 weeks |
| low_52w | 52-week low | ₹ | the lowest daily close in the last 52 weeks |
| price_change_1y | Price change, one year | % | the latest close over the close a year earlier, less one |
| price_cagr_3y | Price growth, three years compounded | % | the latest close over the close three years earlier, annualised |
| price_cagr_5y | Price growth, five years compounded | % | the latest close over the close five years earlier, annualised |
| promoter | Promoter holding | % | of the total share count at the latest shareholding pattern |
| promoter_change_q | Promoter holding change on the quarter | points | latest pattern less the one before |
| promoter_pledged | Promoter holding pledged or encumbered | % | of the promoters' own holding at the latest pattern |
| fpi | Foreign portfolio investors' holding | % | at the latest shareholding pattern |
| fpi_change_q | FPI holding change on the quarter | points | latest pattern less the one before |
| mf | Mutual funds' holding | % | at the latest shareholding pattern |
| mf_change_q | Mutual fund holding change on the quarter | points | latest pattern less the one before |
| dii | Domestic institutions' holding | % | at the latest shareholding pattern |
| retail_small | Retail holding up to ₹2 lakh | % | individual holders with nominal capital up to two lakh rupees, latest pattern |
| holders | Number of shareholders | count | at the latest shareholding pattern |
| dividends_12m | Dividend per share, twelve months | ₹ | rupees per share that went ex-dividend in the last twelve months, from the exchange's corporate actions |
| borrowings_change_1y | Borrowings change, one year | ₹ crore | borrowings at the latest year-end balance sheet less the year before |
| insider_buys_12m | Insider market purchases, twelve months | count | open-market purchases on Form 4 (US) or SEBI Regulation 7 disclosures marked market purchase (India) |
| insider_sales_12m | Insider market sales, twelve months | count | open-market sales on Form 4 (US) or disclosures marked market sale (India) |
| pledge_events_12m | Promoter pledge events, twelve months | count | pledges, invocations and revocations disclosed to the exchange |
| deals_12m | Bulk and block deals, twelve months | count | deals the exchange reported on the name |
| announcements_12m | Announcements, twelve months | count | Regulation 30 announcements to the exchange |
| contested_resolutions_12m | Contested resolutions, twelve months | count | resolutions that failed or drew ten percent or more against |
Statement lines, India (for ttm, latest, fy, yoy, avg, cagr)
| Line | Unit |
|---|---|
| revenue | INR crore |
| other_income | INR crore |
| total_income | INR crore |
| materials | INR crore |
| stock_in_trade | INR crore |
| inventory_change | INR crore |
| employee | INR crore |
| finance_costs | INR crore |
| da | INR crore |
| other_expenses | INR crore |
| total_expenses | INR crore |
| pbt_before_exceptional | INR crore |
| exceptional | INR crore |
| pbt | INR crore |
| current_tax | INR crore |
| deferred_tax | INR crore |
| tax | INR crore |
| net_income | INR crore |
| pat_owners | INR crore |
| oci | INR crore |
| total_comprehensive | INR crore |
| eps | INR per share |
| eps_basic | INR per share |
| eps_diluted | INR per share |
| interest_earned | INR crore |
| interest_expended | INR crore |
| provisions | INR crore |
| gross_npa | % |
| net_npa | % |
| car | % |
| debt_equity | x |
| dscr | x |
| iscr | x |
| revenue_yoy | % |
| net_income_yoy | % |
| operating_profit | INR crore, derived |
| opm | %, derived |
| tax_rate | %, derived |
A line a company does not file is empty, and a formula over it shows n/a. Nothing on this page is a valuation; it names arithmetic.