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Bowhead Specialty Holdings Inc.: Q4 FY2025 earnings call

What management said about Q4 FY2025, from the documents filed with the SEC on 24 February 2026: press release. Guidance figures: 1 new. The quarter’s numbers.

Key takeaways

  • Fourth-quarter premiums up 21%: Gross written premiums rose 21.3% to $224.1 million in the fourth quarter, and net income was $14.8 million, or $0.44 per diluted share. Source
  • Full-year premiums up 24%: For 2025, gross written premiums rose 24.0% to $862.8 million, and net income was $53.8 million, or $1.59 per diluted share. Source
  • Adjusted earnings grew over 30%: Management said adjusted net income for 2025 grew over 30%, with adjusted return on equity of 13.6% and diluted adjusted earnings per share of $1.65. Source
  • Full-year loss ratio rose: The full-year loss ratio was 66.7%, up 2.3 points from 64.4% in 2024. Source
  • Expense ratio fell below 30%: The expense ratio fell to 29.8% for 2025 and 29.1% in the fourth quarter, as net earned premiums grew faster than operating expenses. Source
  • Express extends digital to small accounts: Management said express addresses small and mid-sized accounts, starting with small cyber liability products, using technology to streamline submission and servicing. Source

“Bowhead had a great year in 2025. Gross written premiums grew more than 21% in the fourth quarter, and 24% for the full year.”

Bowhead Chief Executive Officer, Stephen Sills

Guidance

AreaPeriodFigureAgainst last quarter
Gross written premiums growth Source2026around 20%New

What changed from last quarter

  • New guidance: Management gave a 2026 gross written premium growth figure of around 20%. The previous release contains no 2026 figure. Source
  • New: Express, a capability using technology, was introduced to address small and mid-sized accounts, beginning with small cyber liability products. Source
  • New: The previous release described craft and flow underwriting operations. The fourth-quarter release describes craft and digital underwriting models.
  • New: Debt of $146.4 million appeared at year-end, and a $0.9 million loss on extinguishment of the credit facility was recorded. Source
  • New: In the annual actuarial reserve review, prior accident year reserves were reallocated between accident years and divisions, mainly from Casualty to Professional Liability. Source

Fourth quarter and full-year results

  • Fourth-quarter premiums up 21%: Gross written premiums rose 21.3% to $224.1 million in the fourth quarter, and net income was $14.8 million, or $0.44 per diluted share. Source
  • Full-year premiums up 24%: For 2025, gross written premiums rose 24.0% to $862.8 million, and net income was $53.8 million, or $1.59 per diluted share. Source
  • Adjusted earnings grew over 30%: Management said adjusted net income for 2025 grew over 30%, with adjusted return on equity of 13.6% and diluted adjusted earnings per share of $1.65. Source

Segments and divisions

  • Casualty led quarterly growth: Casualty premiums rose 25.5% in the fourth quarter to $132.9 million, or 59.3% of the quarter’s gross written premiums. Source
  • Liability lines grew more slowly: Professional Liability premiums rose 4.2% to $47.9 million, and Healthcare Liability rose 7.7% to $34.2 million in the quarter. Source
  • Casualty full-year share rose: For the full year, Casualty premiums rose 27.5% to $550.7 million, or 63.8% of gross written premiums. Source

“our digital expansion marks a major step forward for Bowhead, positioning us well to deliver sustainable and profitable growth across market cycles.”

Bowhead Chief Executive Officer, Stephen Sills

Products and underwriting models

  • Two underwriting models defined: The company describes a craft model for large, complex, higher-severity risks and a digital model for smaller, simpler, scalable business. Source
  • Digital share of premiums: Digital models were 4.8% of fourth-quarter gross written premiums, against 0.6% a year earlier. Craft models were 95.2%. Source
  • Baleen premiums rose sharply: Baleen Specialty premiums rose 665.6% to $9.1 million in the fourth quarter, from $1.2 million a year earlier. Source

Loss ratio and reserves

  • Full-year loss ratio rose: The full-year loss ratio was 66.7%, up 2.3 points from 64.4% in 2024. Source
  • Expected loss ratios raised in two lines: The current accident year loss ratio rose 1.8 points, partly on higher expected loss ratios in Professional and Healthcare Liability and partly on a larger Casualty share. Source
  • Audit premiums drove prior-year ratio: The prior accident year loss ratio rose because expected loss ratios were applied to audit premiums earned this year for prior years, not because of losses settling above reserve. Source

Expenses and acquisition costs

  • Expense ratio fell below 30%: The expense ratio fell to 29.8% for 2025 and 29.1% in the fourth quarter, as net earned premiums grew faster than operating expenses. Source
  • Acquisition costs ratio rose: The net acquisition costs ratio rose, driven by earned broker commissions linked to changes in portfolio mix. Source
  • Ceding fee to American Family rose: The ceding fee paid to American Family also increased, adding to the net acquisition costs ratio to a lesser extent than commissions. Source

Investment income and yield

  • Investment income rose on balances: Net investment income rose 35.8% in the fourth quarter and 44.1% for the year, from a larger investment balance and, to a lesser extent, higher yields. Source
  • Book yield and new money rate: At year-end the portfolio had a book yield of 4.6% and a new money rate of 4.5%. Source
  • Duration and credit quality: Effective duration was 3.0 years, and the average rating was AA at December 31, 2025. Source

Capital and balance sheet

  • Debt now on balance sheet: Debt was $146.4 million at December 31, 2025, with none a year earlier. A $0.9 million loss on extinguishment of the credit facility was recorded. Source
  • Stockholders’ equity rose: Total stockholders’ equity was $448.3 million at December 31, 2025, against $370.2 million a year earlier. Source
  • Retained earnings climbed: Retained earnings were $116.7 million, up from $62.9 million, and accumulated other comprehensive income was $5.4 million. Source

Strategy and digital expansion

  • Baleen first full year milestone: In Baleen’s first full year, the division generated over $21 million in premiums, which management called an important milestone. Source
  • Express extends digital to small accounts: Management said express addresses small and mid-sized accounts, starting with small cyber liability products, using technology to streamline submission and servicing. Source
  • Craft model built over five years: Management described the craft model as built over five years, driven by experienced underwriters who write large and complex risks. Source

Figures management reported

FigureReported
Combined ratio Source96.5% full year 2025; 96.9% fourth quarter
Net premiums written Source$558.2 million full year 2025; $143.5 million fourth quarter
Prior-year reserve development Source0.5 points full year ($2.4 million); 0.3 points fourth quarter ($0.4 million)
Investment income Source$57.8 million full year 2025; $16.6 million fourth quarter
Book value per share Source$13.70; diluted $13.45 at December 31, 2025

Risks management discussed

  • Operational: Expected loss ratios rely on industry-based development patterns and inputs, given Bowhead’s limited own loss experience. Source
  • Financial: The ceding fee paid to American Family increased, adding to acquisition costs. Source

Earlier plans management reported on

  • Met: Management said it expected a low 30s expense ratio for 2025 and achieved a ratio below 30% from the third quarter and for the full year. Source

Other quarters

Summarised with AI from the documents the company filed with the SEC. Every point is checked against the filing before it is shown: management’s own words word for word, figures against the line or table row they come from. A point that fails the check is left out. Source opens the filing at that line.